While it was ultimately former President Joe Biden who established Juneteenth as a federal holiday, President Donald Trump—who once campaigned on that promise—took to Truth Social on Juneteenth to whine about the number of “non-working holidays” Americans get, claiming that it costs businesses “billions of dollars.”
Juneteenth is derived from June 19, 1865, when Union troops led by General Gordon Granger arrived in Galveston, Texas, and declared that all enslaved African Americans in the state were free.
Although the Emancipation Proclamation had gone into effect on January 1, 1863—freeing enslaved people in Confederate states—its enforcement depended on the advance of Union forces. Despite the Civil War ending in April 1865, news and enforcement of emancipation reached the westernmost Confederate state only months later.
While some enslavers in Texas were aware of the Proclamation, it wasn’t until Union troops arrived that the order was meaningfully enforced. Juneteenth commemorates the end of slavery in rebelling states—not nationwide emancipation, which came later with the ratification of the 13th Amendment.

